Frei gewählte Unsichtbarkeit: Telefoninterviews als Chance für eine inklusivere und teilnehmendenorientiertere Forschung
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17169/fqs-26.3.4358Schlagworte:
Telefoninterviews, Face-to-Face-Interviews, Teilnehmendenorientierte Forschung, narrative Interviews, InklusivitätAbstract
Durch die COVID-19-Pandemie sahen sich viele qualitative Forscher:innen gezwungen, alternative Interviewformen zum Face-to-Face-Interview in Betracht zu ziehen. Videokommunikationsplattformen erlangten enorme Popularität und folglich wurde Videointerviews in der methodologischen Literatur nach der Pandemie viel Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt, während Telefoninterviews vergleichsweise weniger Beachtung fanden. Beide Modi können ebenso reichhaltige Daten erzeugen wie Face-to-Face-Interviews und bieten dabei gleichzeitig mehr Kosteneffizienz, Flexibilität und Sicherheit. Telefoninterviews wurden häufig dafür kritisiert, dass sie keine visuellen Hinweise lieferten, während durch Videointerviews Menschen ausgeschlossen würden, die keinen Zugang zur erforderlichen Technologie hätten. In diesem Artikel diskutiere ich die anhaltende Relevanz von Telefoninterviews in der qualitativen Forschung anhand eines Vergleichs von 62 narrativen Interviews mit 33 ehemaligen Grundsicherungsbezieher:innen – teils persönlich, teils telefonisch geführt – da alle Studienteilnehmer:innen die Nutzung von Videoplattformen ablehnten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass ähnlich reichhaltige Daten mit beiden Modi generiert werden konnten, wenn die Interviewpartner:innen das Gesprächsformat, mit dem sie sich am wohlsten fühlten, selbst wählen durften. Darüber hinaus eröffneten Telefoninterviews die Möglichkeit, Personen einzubeziehen, die zwar gehört, aber nicht gesehen werden wollten. Ich schlage daher vor, dass sich Wissenschaftler:innen an die Bedürfnisse potenzieller Studienteilnehmer:innen anpassen, indem sie sie ihren präferierten Interviewmodus frei wählen lassen, und damit eine inklusivere und teilnehmendenorientiertere Forschung ermöglichen.
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